АРТИКЛЬЗапомните следующие правила: Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.
Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.
Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание
по (не
not!).Упражнение 1
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.1. This is ... реп. That is ... pencil. 2. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 3. Is this your ... pencil? — No, it isn't my ... pencil, it is my sister's ... pencil. 4.1 have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister's ... husband is ... doctor. They
have got two ... children. 5. This is ... girl. This ... girl is their ... daughter. Their daughter's ... name is Vera. 6. That is ... boy. That ... boy is her ... brother. Her brother's ... name is Nick. 7. This is our ... flat. 8. We have got ... car. Our ... car is not very expensive but reliable. 9.1 have по ... pet. 10. My granny has got... headache. She has по ... idea what to do. 11.1 have ... friend. His ... name is Mike. My ... friend is very good. 12. It's ... cat. Its ... tail is long and bushy. It's Mike's ... cat.
Упражнение 2
Вбтавътеартикль, гденеобходимо.1. When is your ... birthday? — My ... birthday is (on) Ist May. 2. Do you remember your mother's ... birthday? — Yes, I do. 3. His ... uncle is generous and her ... aunt is very kind. 4. That ... man is very clever. His ... book is recognized by a lot of people. 5. They know our ... address..6. Their ... son speaks English very well. 7. My cousin's ... dog is smalU Its ... hair is curly. 8. Is this ... watch? No, it ish't ... watch, it's ... pen. 9. This ... pen is good, and that... pen is bad. 10. I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. ll.Give me ... chair, please. 12. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 13. I have ... spoon in my ... soup plate, but I have no ... soup in it. 14. My ... friend says he is going to be ... mil-lionaire one ... day. lö.Would you like ... orange? 16. Mr Smith is ... artist. Mrs Smith is ... poetess. She is not ... singer.
Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль
а (an). Упоминая
этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль
the.•
Е.д. This is аbook. The book is interesting.Упражнение 3
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.1. Не hasn't got ... саг. But he's got ... Computer. ... Computer is new. 2. His ... friends have got ... cat and ... dog. ... dog never bites ... cat. 3. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 4. I can see three ... boys. ...boys are playing. 5. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 6. Our ... room is large. 7. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dicta-tion was long. 8. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 9. Last year I gave my ... mother ... bracelet for her ... birthday. She liked ... bracelet. 10. My ... brother's ... friend has no ... dog. 11. This ... pencll is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 12. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 13.1 got... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... let-ter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at ... hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at ... hotel and sometimes in ... restaurant. 15. I've got... idea. 16. What... surprise! Our ... parents gave us ... DVD player for Christmas.
Неопределенный артикль
a (an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль
the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и со множественным числом.
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Е.д. This Is аbook. The book is interesting.исчисляемое в единственном числе
This is £ meat.
The meat is fresh. неисчисляемое
These are £ books. The books are good.множественное число.
Упражнение 4
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.1. This is ... реп. ... реп is red. 2. These are pen-cils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is so tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake.
... coffee was hot. ... саке was very tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice cream? 7. I see ... book in yojir ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. Do you need ... camera? 9. He never eats ... meat, he always eats ... vegeta-bles, ... cereals, ... seeds, ... fruit, and ... nuts. He is ... vegetarian. 10. This is ... pineapple. ... pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, ... apples are good for you!
My ... cousin is üpset. He's got ... sore throat.
This is ... cottage cheese. ... cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought ... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was ... delicious. We ate ... cake and drank ... tea. 15. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... books, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 16. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister's ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.
Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:
at £ school at ✓ home at workУпражнение 5
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... stu-dents. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. He has no ... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school.
Is your father at... home? — No, he is at... work.
Where is your ... brother? — He is at ... home.
Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и существительным.
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E.g. This is аbook. This is a good book.Упражнение 6.
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny of-ten teils us ... long ... intereeting ... stories. 3. My ... father is ... engineer. He works in ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work nöw. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6.My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin's ... cat has two ... kittens. ... cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like ... milk, too. 8. I am ... engineer. 9. My ... son is ... pupil. 10. He is ... good ... pupil. 11. This is ... house. 12. This is my ... laptop. 13. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil, please. 14. It's ... small ... animal that has ... long ... ears, ... short... tail, and ... soft ... hair.
Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы, тем не менее, употребляем перед ним определенный артикль:
а) если упоминаемый предмет является единственным в мире:
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E.g. The sun is shining brightiy.. б) если этот предмет является определенным по ситуации:
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E.g. Put the book on the table.Упражнение 7
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.1. What's ... weather like today? — ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4.... Earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult. 6. Where is your ... brother? — He is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... homework. ... homework is difficult. 7. Our ... cat is sitting on .;. sofa. 8. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 9. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands. 10. Ann turned on ... television to watch ... evening news. 11. She doesn't often watch ... television. 12. You can't see ... moon in ... sky tonight.
Упражнение 8
Вставьтеартикль, гденеобходимо.1. This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table. Put this ... book in ... bookcase. 2. ... weather is fine today. ... sky is blue. ... sun is shining brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3. This is ... boy. ... boy is at ... school. He is ... pupil. This ... boy is my ... brother's ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no ... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives ... cat ... milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter was important. 5. We live in ... big house. Ilike ... house very much. 6. Are you ... worker? — No, I am ... student. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... marvellous ... story. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is not ... lawyer. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large. 10. That is
... book. ... book is thick. That... book isn't thin. This is ... interesting thick book. 11. Those are ... books. ... books are new and old. Those are ... new and old books. Those ... books are interesting.
Кроме того, существует огромное количество так называемых устойчивых словосочетаний, в которых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти слово-^. сочетания приходится заучивать наизусть.
Запомните следующие конструкции:
There is а .... Where is the ... ?Запомните также следующие предложения:
The (book) is on the (table). • Ho:
The (book) is on a little (table)1.Упражнение 9
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.1. There is ... big tree in ... garden. 2. There is ... bank near here. — Where is ... bank? 3. There is ... new supermarket in ... centre of our ... town.