СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
| Пояснительная записка
| 8
| UNIT 1
| LAND USE PLANNING
|
| Lesson 1
| COMMON UNDERSTANDING OF LAND USE PLANNING
| 11
| Tеxt 1A
| The Individual and Society
| 15
| Tеxt 1B
| Main Directions in Land Use Planning
| 21
| Tеxt 1C
| Principles of Land Use Planning
| 24
| Lesson 2
| CONCEPTS AND THEORY OF LAND USE PLANNING
| 28
| Tеxt 2A
| Rural and Agricultural Land Use Planning
| 32
| Tеxt 2B
| Methods of Land Use Planning
| 38
| Tеxt 2C
| Bottom-up and Top-down Planning
| 40
| Lesson 3
| THE ESSENCE OF LAND USE PLANNING
| 43
| Tеxt 3A
| Land Use Planning Activity
| 46
| Tеxt 3B
| Two Types of Land Use Planning
| 52
| Tеxt 3C
| Documentation of Land Use Planning
| 55
| Lesson 4
| CENTRAL IDEA OF LAND USE PLANNING
| 57
| Tеxt 4A
| Land Use Planning as an Instrument of the Technical Cooperation
| 61
| Tеxt 4B
| Different Views
| 67
| Tеxt 4C
| Core of Land Use Planning
| 70
|
UNIT 2
|
LAND CADASTRE
|
| Lesson 5
| STATEMENT ON LAND CADASTRE
| 73
| Tеxt 5A
| What is Land Cadastre
| 76
| Tеxt 5B
| Different Cadastral Issues
| 83
| Tеxt 5C
| Role of the Government in Land Cadastre
| 85
| Lesson 6
| EXISTING CADASTRAL SYSTEM
| 89
| Tеxt 6A
| Basic Elements of Cadastral System
| 92
| Tеxt 6B
| Purposes Served by the Cadastrе
| 99
| Tеxt 6C
| General Trends
| 102
| Lesson 7
| RUSSIAN CADASTRAL SURVEYS BEFORE AND AFTER PETER THE GREAT
| 105
| Tеxt 7A
| Review of the Russian Medieval Cadaster
| 108
| Tеxt 7B
| Changes in Russian Cadastr
| 115
| Tеxt 7C
| Peter's Reforms
| 118
| Lesson 8
| CADASTRAL AND LAND REGISTRATION SYSTEMS IN EUROPE
| 121
| Tеxt 8A
| The UK "Cadastre"
| 125
| Tеxt 8B
| Cadastre in West Europe
| 133
| Tеxt 8C
| Cadastre in Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe
| 137
| UNIT 3
| MARKETS, TAXES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
|
| Lesson 9
| INTERACTION BETWEEN MARKETS, LAND
REGISTRATION, SPATIAL PLANNING
| 141
| Tеxt 9A
| Land Market
| 144
| Tеxt 9B
| The "Commodification" of Land
| 150
| Tеxt 9C
| Objectives and Methods of Land Market
| 152
| Lesson 10
| LEGAL REGULATION OF REAL ESTATE MARKET
| 156
| Tеxt 10A
| Basic Compound of Any Real Estate
| 160
| Tеxt 10B
| The Concept "Plant of the Real Estate"
| 166
| Tеxt 10C
| Land Property Relations
| 170
| Lesson 11
| IMPORTANCE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
| 173
| Tеxt 11A
| Environmental Protection
| 177
| Tеxt 11B
| Ecological Problems
| 183
| Tеxt 11C
| Soil Erosion - Causes and Effects
| 185
| Lesson 12
| EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS IN SOIL REMEDIATION
| 191
| Tеxt 12A
| Soil Pollution
| 194
| Tеxt 12B
| A Framework for Evaluation
| 200
| Tеxt 12C
| The Environmental Merit Perspective
| 203
|
| Использованная литература
| 206
|
UNIT I
LAND USE PLANNING
Lesson I
COMMON UNDERSTANDING OF LAND USE PLANNING 1. Прочитайтеследующиеслова: Land, inhabitants, development, planning, provide, profoundly, gift, use, surveying, basis, nature, qualified, directly, ownership, prosperous, skills, peasant, important.
2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие группы слов: Land use, land use planning, land surveying, a land surveyor, profoundly educated, land information, advanced countries, to sustain life, to pose a question, opposite situation, a simple answer, individual basis, an aspect of survival, land ownership. 3. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания: abundantly (adv.) – обильно, в изобилии
accommodation (n.) – согласование, жильё, помещение, удобство, приспособление
apply (v.) – применять
break-even-point – точка нулевой прибыли
commitment (n.) – обязательство
compel (v.) – вынуждать, заставлять
сomprehensive (adj.) – всесторонний
conviction (n.) – убеждение
creditworthiness (n.) – кредитоспособность
delivery service – услуги по доставке
dependence (n.) – зависимость
depend on, upon (v.) – зависеть от
development (n.) – развитие, разработка
educated (adj.) – образованный
etc = et cetera – и так далее
even (adv.) – даже
extreme (adj.) – чрезвычайный, экстремальный
in a sustainable way – устойчивым способом, на постоянной основе
income (n.) – доход
increase (v.) – повышать, увеличивать
independence (n.) – независимость
inventory valuation method – методы оценки товаров
knowledge (n.) – знания
land (n.) – земля, суша; (v. ) – приземляться
land resources capacity – потенциал земельных ресурсов
land use – землепользование
land use planner – землеустроитель
land use planning – землеустройство
land tenure – землевладение level (n. ) – уровень
manage (v.) – регулировать, управлять, организовывать
means of survival – средство выживания
merchandising (n.) – коммерческое планирование производства
neglect (v.) – упускать, не обращать внимания
opposite (adj.) – противоположный
outside assistance – помощь извне
overgrazing (n.) – чрезмерный выпас
own (adj.) – собственный
ownership (n.) – собственность
pose a question – ставить вопрос
poverty (n.) – бедность, нищета
prerequisite (n.) – предварительное условие, предпосылка
profoundly (adv.) – глубоко prosperous (adj.) – процветающий prove (v.) – подтвердить, доказать
render assistance – оказывать содействие
request (n.) – просьба
sequence (n.) – последовательность
solve (v.) – решать
substantiation (n.) – обоснование
success (n.) – успех
survival (n.) – выживание
survive (v.) – выживать
sustain (v.) – поддерживать
truck (n.) – грузовик
unexpectedness (n.) – неожиданность
4. Прочитайте и переведите текст: TEXT 1А The Individual and Society It is obvious that any textbook on land use planning begins by posing the question, "What is land use planning about?" It is not a difficult problem to give a simple answer to this basic question. Land use planning or land surveying is a process of managing the use and development of land resources in a sustainable way. It is essentially a study of the methods in which land use planners apply their knowledge, skills and efforts to the gifts of nature in order to satisfy their needs and wants.
Effective land use planning is impossible without land information. Such information includes land resource capacity, land tenure, land ownership and land use.
Even in the prosperous, economically advanced countries there is an aspect of survival. Land helps people to survive. That's why lands are very important resources for men.
Some people have the abilities to sustain life without outside assistance. But a large percentage of the human race of the third world still lives in very small self – sufficient peasant communities. These people experience great poverty, but they provide on an individual basis, for their own survival. They have a degree of economic independence.
The inhabitants of cities are totally incapable of providing for themselves, directly, the means of survival. Here we can observe the 6 opposite situation – a high level of living together with an extreme economic dependence. Such people depend upon the efforts and co-operation of many thousands of specialist workers, among them land use planners. Land use planning is concerned with soil sciences, law, geodesy, geography, and computer. To solve these problems land use planners must be not only qualified but profoundly educated specialists.
5. Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов: Skill, trucks, land use planning, make, a land surveyor, community, compel, society, automobiles, a land use planner, land surveying, level, knowledge, standard. 6. Найдите антонимы среди следующих слов: Capable, independence, possible, easy, directly, impossible, large, incapable, difficult, dependence, small, indirectly. 7. Переведите следующие сочетания слов с русского на английский язык: Глубоко образованный специалист; большой процент; ставить вопрос; регулировать землеустройство; простой ответ; решать проблему; информация о земле; помощь извне; трудный вопрос; экономическая независимость; поддерживать жизнь; средство выживания; противоположная ситуация; для того, чтобы удовлетворить нужды.
8. Переведите следующие предложения с русского на английский язык: 1. Землеустройство - древняя наука. 2. Информация о земле включает землевладение, землепользование и потенциал земельных ресурсов. 3. Эффективное землеустройство невозможно без информации о земле. 4. Люди используют свои знания и навыки, чтобы удовлетворить свои нужды. 5. Даже в процветающих странах существует аспект выживания. 6. Землеустроитель может дать правильные ответы на многие вопросы. 9. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола tobe: 1. Who ... the best specialist? 2. There ... vast land resources in Russia. 3. Last year there ... the highest crop in this region. 4. Next year you ... ... a land use planner. 5. I ... a second year student. 6. Land use planning ... concerned with different sciences. 7. In future effective land use planning ... ... impossible without land information.
10. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы: 1. It is a difficult matter to give a simple answer to the basic question. 2. Land use planning is impossible without land information. 3. Such information includes land resources capacity et al. 4. Lands are very important resources for men. 5. People of the third world experience great poverty. 6. We observe a high level of living in some developed countries. 7. They have a degree of economic independence. 11. Заполните пропуски предлогами: 1. Land use planning is a process ... managing the use and development... land resources ... a sustainable way. 2. Land helps people ... survive. 3. Many textbooks begin ... posing the basic question. 4. It is not a difficult problem ... give a right answer ... the main question. 5. ... order ... satisfy men's needs and wants people apply their knowledge ... the gifts ... nature. 12. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам: 1. A land surveyor solves many problems. 2. The inhabitants decide problems of survival. 3. This information includes land ownership and land tenure. 4. Some people have the ability to sustain life without outside assistance. 5. A large percentage of the human race still lives in very small self-sufficient peasant communities. 13. Заполните пропуски, используя глаголы, данные в скобках: 1. This textbook ... by posing the basic question (to begin). 2. Effective land use planning ... impossible without land information (to be). 3. Some people ... knowledge and skills to satisfy their wants (to apply). 4. Land ... people to solve different problems (to help). 5. Nature ... men's needs and wants in many ways (to satisfy). 14. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: 1. What do most textbooks on land use planning begin by? 2. Why do people apply their knowledge and skills? 3. What is effective land use planning impossible without? 4. Are lands very important resources for men? 5. How does a large percentage of the human race still live? 6. What does land information include? 7. Do we observe a high level of living in large cities? 8. Is it important to have economic independence? 15. Перескажите текст 1А 16. Прочитайте, переведите текст 1В и сформулируйте основную мысль каждого абзаца: перейти в каталог файлов
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