галина. Учебное пособие по техническому переводу для студентов 3 курса
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 С этим файлом связано 40454 файл(ов). Среди них: Kopytin_A_I_Diagnostika_v_art-terapii_Metod_Mandala.pdf, Бютнер Жить с агрессивными детьми.doc, Теремкова Н.Э. - Логопедические домашние задания для детей 5-7 л, что такое ЦИПР.docx, Kopytin_A_I_Art-terapia_-_novye_gorizonty.pdf, Сетка песочного листа.docx, АУТИЗМ ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ Краснова (1).ppt.ppt, Professia_tyutor_Informatsionno-metodicheskiy_byulleten.pdf, Semago_M_M_Rabochaya_kniga_psikhologo_-_mediko_pedagogicheskogo_ и ещё 40444 файл(а). Показать все связанные файлыAFTER - TEXT EXERCISES
b) the Corinthian c) the Tuscan
a) Iotus flowers b) acanthus leave c) geometric ornament
a) theatres b) residential structures c) temples
a) the Doric b) the Ionic c) the Tuscan
a) the most elegant b) the simplest c) the oldest
a) the Erechtheum b) the Pantheon c) Artemis temple
1. This expression eventually a) elaborated with acanthus leaves took the form … b) on the Greek mainland and in western Colonies 2. The oldest order, the Doric … c) of the invention of the orders of architecture 3. The Doric order was popular… d) by the Romans 4. The volutes of the Ionic capital… e) combines the elements of all the Greek orders 5. The Corinthian order had a capital… f) is subdivided into Greek Doric and Roman Doric 6. The Tuscan order was added … g) spread horizontally from the center and curl 7. Another late Roman invention, downward took the Composite order… Вариант 4 ROMAN ARCHITECTURE In Roman architecture there were three types of houses: the domus, the insula, and the villa. The domus, or town house, consisted of suites of rooms grouped around a central hall, or atrium, to which were often added further suites at the rear, grouped around a colonnaded court, or peristyle. The atrium, a rectangular room with an opening in the roof to the sky, and its adjoining rooms were peculiarly Roman elements; the peristyle was Greek or Middle Eastern. There were few windows on the street, light being obtainedfrom the atrium or peristyle. In Rome the chief examples of domus are the House of Vestals in the Forum in Rome and that of Livia on the Palatine Hill. Great blocks of flats or tenementswere called insulae. Excavations at Ostia, Italy, have revealed, the design of these blocks. Planed on three or four floors -with strict regardto economy of space, they dependedon light from the exterior as well as from a central court. Independent apartments had separate entrances with direct accessto the street. The Latin word villa pertained to an estate, complete with house, grounds, and subsidiary buildings. Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, began about AD 123, was a sumptuous residence with parks and gardens on a large scale. The unevenness of the site necessitated large terraces and flights of steps. There are remains of great brick and concrete structures. All the buildings are Roman in style and method of construction, though with Greek names. The Romans were great builders and engineers famous for their factories, roads, aqueducts and bridges, grand thermae and amphitheatres, theatres, and temples. The greatest surviving circular temple of antiquity, and in many respects the most important Roman building, is the Pantheon in Rome. It consists of rotunda about 142 feet in diameter surrounded by concrete walls 20 feet thick, in which are alternate circular and rectangular niches. Light is admittedthrough a central opening, or oculus, about 28 feet across, at the crown of the dome. In front is a porch with an inscription commemorating an earlier building of Marcus Agrippa (12 BC—AD 14) but built with the existing rotunda (AD 120—124) under the emperor Hadrian. The rotunda and dome are among the finest examples of Roman concretework. The interior was lined with preciousmarbles, the coffers (decorative recessed panels) of the dome itself once was covered externally with bronze plates. The largest and most important amphitheatre of Rome was the Colosseum, built by the emperors Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian in about AD 70/75 —82. Covering six acres (2.4 hectares), it had seating for about 50,000 spectators, and its 80 entrances were so arranged that the building could be cleared quickly. The whole is built of concrete, the exterior faced with travertine and the interior with precious marbles. Other important amphitheatres are those at Verona, Italy; Pula, Yugoslavia; and Aries, France. Imperial thermae were more than baths. They were immense establishments of great magnificence, with facilitiesfor every gymnastic exercise and halls in which philosophers, poets, rhetoricians, and those who wished to hear them gathered. The best preserved are the Baths of Caracalla (begun c. AD 217), which covered an area about 1,000 feet square, and those of Diocletian (c. AD 298—306), with accommodationfor 3,200 bathers. AFTER - TEXT EXERCISES
2.. Give the Russian equivalent. the crown of the dome in many respects a porch with an inscription precious marbles faced with travertine adjoining rooms depended on light direct access to the street with accommodations for bathers the finest examples recessed panels around a colonnaded court excavations separate entrance establishments of great magnificence the Roman Empire 3. Give the English equivalents.
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