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механики 3 курс. Перевод текстов по специальности


НазваниеПеревод текстов по специальности
Анкормеханики 3 курс.docx
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Вопросы


  1. What do some of the cars have in them?

  2. What kind of windows do we have in the cars?

  3. How can we lock and unlock the doors?

  4. What keeps us warm in winter and cool in summer?

  5. What do most people wear in the car?

Ответы


1. You can lock and unlock the doors by pushing a different button.

2. Most people wear a seatbelt.

3. In our cars we have windows that roll up and down by touching a button.

4. Some of our cars have stereo radios with cassette and CD players in them.

5. Almost every car has a heater and an air conditioner to keep us warm in the winter and cool in the summer.

  1. Расставьте предложения по порядку их расположения в тексте:

1. Have you ever called home from your car?

2. We spend a lot time in the cars.

3. Some big cars even have televisions and video machines.

4. Many people have telephones in the cars.

5. You can lock the door by pushing a button.

6. Let’s take a ride in one of our cars.

7. Can you imagine a car telling you to put your seatbelt on?

  1. Ответьте на вопросы и составьте по ним краткий пересказ:

1. What do some of our cars have in?

2. What do some of big cars have in?

3. What keeps us warm in the winter and cool in the summer?

4. What will some cars tell you?

5. What should you wear in the car?

19. Переведите текст.

1.2 Т h e E n g i n e
1. The engine is the source of power that makes the car move. It is usually called an internal combustion engine because gasoline is burned within its cylinders or combustion chamber. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.

2. The operation cycle of the four-stroke cycle engine that take place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four strokes. The upper limit of the piston movement is called the top dead centre. The lower limit of piston movement is called the bottom dead centre. A stroke is the piston movement from the top dead centre to the bottom dead centre, or from the bottom dead centre to the top dead centre. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes the direction of its motion.

3. Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called a four-stroke cycle engine. The four strokes are: intake, compression, power and exhaust.

4. Two-cycle engines have also been made, and in such engines the entire cycle of events is completed in two strokes or one revolution of the crankshaft.

5. On the intake stroke the intake valve is opened. The mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is delivered into the cylinder through the inlet valve. On the compression stroke the inlet valve is closed so that the mixture can be compressed. On the power stroke both valves (inlet and exhaust) are closed in order to rise pressure during mixture combustion. On the exhaust stroke the exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the residual gas.

  1. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

  2. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

        1. internal combustion engine a. поршень

        2. combustion chamber b. верхняя мертвая точка

        3. stroke c. четырехтактный двигатель

        4. piston d. коленчатый вал

        5. top dead centre e. отверстие клапана

        6. bottom dead centre f. двигатель внутреннего сгорания

        7. four-stroke cycle engine g. нижняя мертвая точка

        8. two-stroke cycle h. топливная система

        9. crankshaft i. такт впрыска (топлива)

        10. intake stroke j. двухтактный двигатель

        11. valve opening k. камера сгорания

        12. fuel system l. ход, такт (поршня)

13. power strokе m. выхлоп

        1. exhaust n. рабочий ход поршня

  1. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

Universal, vertical, opereation, steel, horizontal, cylinder, machine, electric, motor, start.

  1. Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 1, 2 и 3.

5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы переделать

1. What are the single-column vertical turning mill designed for?

2. What mechanisms are the machines provided with?

What opereations does the machine perform?

By what means is the motion to the table transmitted?

What mechanism is the gearbox provided with?

Ответы

a. By means of V-belt and gearbox.

b. For roughing and finishing operations.

c. With multidisk friction clutch.

d. Cylindrical turning, facing, cutting and drilling.

e. With vertical turret head and horizontal side head.

Закончите предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант.

1. Vertical turret head travels along … a) the horizontal ways of the cross-rail

2. Horizontal side head travels along … b) the vertical ways of column

3. Motion to the table is transmitted by… a) cross-rail

b) V-belts and gearbox

4. This machine is called … a) vertical turret head

b) vertical turning mill

7. Посмотрите на рис. 3 в Приложении Е и назовите по-английски части двухтактного двигателя.

Переведите текст.

1.3 A u t o m o b i l e P r o d u c t i o n

1. Specialists in automobile industry deal with designing and manufacturing cars, so they should know that the production of the automobile comprises the following phases:

    1. designing

    2. working out the technology of manufacturing process

    3. laboratory tests

    4. mass production (manufacturing)

    5. road tests

2. Why is it necessary to know all these facts? It is important to know them as before the automobile (car or truck) is put into mass production, it should be properly designed and the automobile must meet up-to-date requirements.

3. What are these requirements? The automobile must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance. In order to obtain all these qualities engineers should develop up-to-date methods of designing cars, using new types of resistant to corrosion light materials. Also it is important to know computer science because it is intended to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing. Computers offer quick and optimal solutions of problems.

4. But before the car is put into mass production all its units and mechanisms are subjected to tests, first in he plant’s laboratory, then the car undergoes a rigid quality control in road tests. Only then the car is put into mass production. Why are these tests required? What qualities of the automobile are required? The modern automobile must be rapid in acceleration, must have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system, as well as pleasant appearance. Also it must be comfortable and have all conveniences.

1. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

2. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1. mechanical engineer a. долгий срок службы

to deal with b. запустить в массовое производство

designing cars c. подвергать испытаниям

to put into mass production d. плавное сцепление

long service time e. отвечать современным требованиям

driving safety f. иметь дело (с кем-либо, чем-либо)

to meet up-to-date demands g. надежные тормоза и рулевое

управление

smooth acting clutch h. безопасность езды (вождения)

silent gearbox i. бесшумная коробка передач

dependable brakes and steering j. инженер-механик

system

to subject to tests k. конструирование автомобилей

Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

Mechanical, mechanism, specialist, industry, phase, technology, process, laboratory, test, fact, automobile, engineer, method, principle, corrosion, type, material, comfortable.

Переведите на русский язык письменно абзацы 3 и 4.

Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. What phases does the production of the automobile comprise?

  1. What requirements must the automobile meet?

  2. Why are cars subjected to road tests?

  3. What qualities are required of the automobile?

  4. Why is it important for the specialists in automobile industry to know computing methods?

Ответы

a. It must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance.

  1. They should be able to develop up-to-date methods of designing and manufacturing.

  2. Because they must meet up-to-date requirements.

  3. Designing, working out technological process, laboratory and road tests, mass production.

  4. It must be rapid in acceleration, must have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system.

Закончите предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант.

1. The cars are subjected to road tests …

  1. to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing;

  2. to meet up-to-date requirements;

  3. to work out new technological process.

2. The car must have the following units …

3. The car must have the following qualities …

  1. have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety and pleasant appearance;

  2. smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system.


6. Переведите текст.
1.4 C o m p o n e n t s o f t h e А u t o m o b i l e

  1. Basically, the automobile consists of three parts: the power plant, or the engine, the chassis and the body. To these may be added the accessories: the heater, lights, radio, speedometer and other devices.

  2. The power plant or engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating system. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.

  3. The chassis consists of a power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs. The chassis includes brakes and steering system.

  4. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and contains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, differential and the final drive.

  5. The clutch is a friction device connecting (or disconnecting) the engine crankshaft to the gears in the gearbox. It is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine and is controlled by the clutch pedal.

  6. Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or to stop the car. Most braking system in use today are hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, they are applied and the car stops.

    1. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

2. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний.

1. body a. тормоза срабатывают

2. car wheels b. силовая передача

3. power train c. главная передача

4. power plant d. коленчатый вал двигателя

5. springs e. нажимать на педаль

6. steering system f. силовая установка

7. clutch g. колёса автомобиля

8. final drive h. рама с осями

9. engine crankshaft i. топливная система

10. push down the pedal j. рулевая система

11. brakes are applied k. сцепление

12. frame with axles l. вспомогательные устройства

13. fuel system m. система смазки

14. lubricating system n. кузов

15. accessories o. рессоры

3. Переведите встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

Automobile, chassis, speedometer, electric, system, cylinder, cardan, control, hydraulic, pedal, accessories, differential.

4. Расставьте слова в алфавитном порядке и переведите их:

Automobile, parts, body, heater, device, power, engine, rotate, cylinder, chassis, brake, system, train, clutch, drive, hydraulic, pedal, mechanisms, stop, gearbox, crankshaft, friction.

5. Выпишите из текста существительные, образованные с помощью суффиксов -er, -shaft, -ism.

6. Выпишите из текста глаголы, образованные с помощью суффиксов и приставок.

7. Выпишите из текста прилагательные, образованные с помощью суффиксов -ic, -ing, -al.

8. Руководствуясь приложением, выпишите из текста наречия, образованные с помощью суффикса -ly.

9. Переведите следующие слова, образованные словосложением:

Day-schools, classroom, tree-lined, world-known, aircraft, spacecraft, skyscraper, everybody, rainbow, countrymen, bookbinder, fisherman, standpoint, spaceship, maritime, high-quality, shipbuilding, blast-furnace.

10. Выберите из текста слова, образованные словосложением и переведите их на русский язык.

11. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык:

The power plant, other devices, coding system, the power, from the engine, for freeing the gearbox, important mechanisms, mechanisms of the car.

12. Найдите в тексте перевод следующих словосочетаний:

Aвтомобиль состоит из; к этому можно добавить; шесть или восемь цилиндров; рулевая система; важные механизмы в автомобиле.

13. Выпишите из текста все термины по специальности и классифицируйте их (в форме таблицы).

простые
сложные
словосочетания










14. Разберите текст по частям речи:

существительное
прилагательное
глагол
наречие
числительное
местоимение
служебные части речи






















15. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. The mechanisms used for a) clutch;

stopping the car is ... . b) gearbox;

2. The mechanisms used for c) brakes.

changing the speed is ... .

3. The mechanisms used for a) brakes;

connecting (or disconnecting) b) clutch;

the engine from the gearbox is ... . c) steering system.

4. The unit carrying the a) power plant;

power from the engine to b) power train;

the car wheels is ... . c) chassis.

5. The instrument measuring a) heater;

the speed of the car is ... . b) lights;

c) speedometer.

16. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой они заданы:
Вопросы

  1. What are the main basic parts of the automobile?

  2. What does the chassis consist of?

  3. What units does the power train contain?

  4. What is the function of the clutch?

  5. Why are brakes needed?

Ответы

  1. The clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft and the final drive.

  2. Freeing the engine from the gearbox.

  3. The power plant, the chassis and the body.

  4. A power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs.

  5. To slow or stop the car.

17. Расставьте предложения по порядку:

  1. The power train carries the power from the engine.

  2. When the driver pushes down on the brake.

  3. Engine is the source of power.

  4. Most braking system in use today are hydraulic.

  5. The automobile consists of three parts.

  6. Clutch is a friction device.

  7. It includes electric, fuel, coding and lubricating system.

18. Ответьте на вопросы и составьте по ним краткий пересказ:

  1. How many parts does the automobile consist of?

  2. What is engine?

  3. What does the chassis consist of?

  4. What is the clutch?

5. How are the most braking system in use today called?

19. Посмотрите на рис. 1 и 2 в Приложении Е и назовите по-английски части автомобиля.

20. Переведите текст.

2 “Metals and non-metals”

Металлы и неметаллы

2.1 Metals

  1. Mankind has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities but only now they are employed in really great quantities.

  2. Today we know more than seventy metals, the majority of which are used in industry.

  3. Of all the metals iron is the most important one. Absolutely pure iron is never prepared except for laboratory purposes. The iron and steels in use today are really alloys of iron, carbon and other substances. They can be made elastic, tough, hard, or comparatively soft.

  4. Mechanical properties of metals are the results of their atomic structure. They include hardness, ductility and malleability which are of special importance in engineering.

  5. Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.

Malleability is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed by compression without rupture.

    1. These properties are similar to each other but not the same. Most metals increase these properties at higher temperatures.

    2. The strength of a metal is the property of resistance to external loads and stresses.

    3. These mechanical properties are of great importance in industrial purposes because all parts and units made of iron and steel must meet up-to-date demands.

  1. Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

  2. Прочитайте следующие слова и переведите их без словаря:

Signal, diesel, temperature, theorem, cylinder, vibration, electricity, reactor, material, neutron, structure, horizontal, vertical, mass, class, proton, voltage, form, element, motor, battery, transformation, method, control, radio, physics, experiment, plan, detail, text, mechanism, magnetic, magnetism, effect, problem, energy, technology, parameter, practical.

  1. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

Metal, industry, industrial, absolutely, laboratory, steel, elastic, mechanical, result, atom, structure, special, temperature.

  1. На основе словообразовательных элементов определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие интернациональные слова; переведите их на русский язык:

Experiment, experimental, experimentator; electric(al), electrician, electricity; technical, technique, technician; react, reaction, reactor; transform, transformation, transformer; mechanic(al); cylinder, cylindrical; system, systematical, systematically; electron, electronic; practice, practical.

  1. Переведите следующие предложения без словаря:

1. All types of emission are most effective in vacuum. 2. Radio astronomy deals with transmission and reception of radio waves. 3. The results of that experiment are very interesting. 4. Electromagnetic radiation consists of gamma rays, X-rays, ultra-violet rays, ordinary visible (видимый) light, infra-red (heat) radiation and radio wavеs.

  1. Сопоставьте приведенные ниже слова и их значения.

  1. director а. нация, народ

  2. medal б. патриот

  3. industry в. элемент

  4. bank г. промышленность

  5. nation д. федерация

  6. patriot е. физика

  7. element ж. директор

  8. company з. профессор

9. federation и. банк

10. professor к. философия

11. physics л. медаль

12. philosophy м. технологический

13. technological н. компания

  1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова. Помните: слово может иметь несколько значений.

The girl boughta boxof paints.

Девочка купилакоробкус красками.

We went to the theatre. Our seats were ina box.

Мы пошли в театр. Наши места былив ложе.

1. As aluminium is light it is widely used in aircraft construction. 2. There is no light in this corridor as there are no windows in it. 3. The room was light and clean with plenty of fresh air. 4. Your little boy can carry this box – it is quite light. 5. Why did they light that old kerosene lamp? The gramme is a unit of weight. 7. The metеr is a unit of length. 8. A unit is a whole number. 9. The drilling unit must be changed. 10. We study
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Образовательный портал Как узнать результаты егэ Стихи про летний лагерь 3агадки для детей

Образовательный портал Как узнать результаты егэ Стихи про летний лагерь 3агадки для детей