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механики 3 курс. Перевод текстов по специальности


НазваниеПеревод текстов по специальности
Анкормеханики 3 курс.docx
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КаталогОбразовательный портал Как узнать результаты егэ Стихи про летний лагерь 3агадки для детей
Образовательный портал Как узнать результаты егэ Стихи про летний лагерь 3агадки для детей
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Part II of the book. 11. Who played the part of Hamlet? 12. Will you take part in this experiment? 13. “Fe” is the symbol for iron. 14. The book contained much useful information. 15. This is a milk container. 16. Litmus paper is the indicator for starch. 17. How do you translate the words number and numeral? 18. What do we mean by 6%? 19. Boil water by all means.

8. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний.

1. quantity a. жесткий (жесткость)

2. alloy b. углерод

3. carbon c. растяжение

4. substance d. поломка

5. tough (ness) e. количество

6. hard (ness) f. ковкость

7. ductility g. разрыв

8. malleability h. прочность

9. tension i. вязкость

10. compression j. сплав

11. rupture k. твердый (твердость)

12. strength l. сжатие

13. braking m. вещество

  1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их, в той последовательности, в которой они заданы.

Вопросы

  1. What is the most important metal?

  2. What mechanical properties of metals do you know?

  3. What is strength?

  4. What is ductility?

  5. What is malleability?

Ответы

  1. The capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.

  2. Iron.

  3. The capacity of a metal to be deformed by compression without rupture.

  4. The property of a metal to external loads.

  5. Hardness, ductility and malleability.

  1. Закончите предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания.

1. The most important metal in a) carbon;

use today is ... . b) iron

c) some other metal.
2. Ductility is the capacity a) to be permanently deformed in tension

of metals … without breaking;

3. Malleability is the capacity b) to be permanently deformed by

of a metal ... . compression without rupture;

4. The strength of a metal c) to resist to external loads and stresses.

is the property ... .

11. Составьте вопросы по тексту так, чтобы они послужили планом к пересказу.

12. Переведите упражнение, обращая внимание на перевод словосочетаний:

А) свободных атрибутивных +существительное

Silent majority –молчаливое большинство

Allempted coup – попытка переворота

Partisan policy – узкопартийная политика

Б) трехчленных

Commonmarketcountries – страны общего рынка

Publicsecurityaction – действия по обеспечению общественной безопасности

В) многочленных

Mostfavorednationtradingstatus – торговый статус наиболее благоприятствуемый нацией.

а. Переведите на русский язык:

The control system, the measuring unit, the recording millivoltmeter, semiconductor industry, measuring equipment, life time, effective life time, power consumption, voltage multiplier circuit, high voltage source, hardness meters, transistor tester, first-class quality, room temperature, voltage selector switch, power supply line, power supply voltage selector switch, normal operation conditions, rubber industry.

b. Проанализируйте следующие сочетания слов:

Wheat seed; the second square of the chess-board; the square root; the radical sign.

13. Выберите из текста все возможные словосочетания и классифицируйте их.

14. Посмотрите на рис. 13 Приложения Е и расскажите об изменениях свойств и структуры железа.

15. Переведите текст.
2.2 M e t a l s a n d N o n m e t a l s
1. There are some distinctions between metals and nonmetals. Metals are distinguished from nonmetals by their high conductivity for hear and electricity, by metallic luster and by their resistance to electric current. Their use in industry is explained not only by those properties, but also by the fact that their properties, such as strength and hardness, can be greatly improved by alloying them with other metals.

  1. There are several important group of metals and alloys. The common metals such as iron, copper, zinc, etc. Are produced in great quantities.

  2. The so-called precious metals include silver, gold, platinum, and palladium. The light metals are aluminium, berillium and titanium. They are important in aircraft and rocket construction.

  3. Many elements are classified as semimetals (bismuth, for example) because they have much poorer conductivity than common metals.

  4. Nonmetals (carbon, silicon, sulphur) in the solid state are usually brittle materials without metallic luster and are usually poor conductors of electricity. Nonmetals show greater variety of chemical properties than common metals do.

  5. Metals undergo corrosion, changing in this case their chemical and electromechanical properties. In order to protect metals from corrosion the products made of metals and steel are coated by some films (coatings). Organic coatings protect metals and steel from corrosion by forming a corrosion-resistant barrier between metal or steel and the corrosive environment.

1. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

2. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1. luster a. окружающая среда

2. property b. защищать от

  1. quantity c. подвергаться

  2. conductivity d. плохой проводник

  3. solid state e. количество

  4. brittle f. блеск

  5. undergo g.сплав

  6. to protect from h.свойство

  7. environment i. проводимость

  8. alloy j. твердое состояние

  9. poor conductor k. хрупкий

  10. distinction l. прочность

  11. strength m. жесткость

  12. hardness n. различие

3. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

Metal, metallic, electricity, electric, fact, group, rocket, construction, element, material, corrosion, chemical, electromechanical, product, steel, organic, barrier, industry.

4. Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 1, 2 и 5.

  1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. By what properties are metals distinguished from nonmetals?

  1. What common metals are produced in great quantities?

  2. What metals are called light?

  3. What properties do nonmetals have?

  4. What is done to protect metals from corrosion?

Ответы

a. Iron, copper and zinc.

b. They are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity.

c. They are coated by some organic coatings.

d. High conductivity for heat and electricity.

e. Aluminium, berillium and titanium

  1. Закончите предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант.

There are some different groups of metals, such as:

1. light metals: …

2. common metals: … .

3. precious metals: … .
4. nonmetals are … .

  1. iron, copper, zinc.

  2. silver, gold, platinum.

  3. aluminium, berillium, titanium.




  1. carbon, silicon, sulphur.

  2. aluminium,beryllium, titanium.

7. Посмотрите на схему 14 в Приложении Е и переведите данные термины на английский язык.

8. Переведите текст.
2.3 F e r r o u s M e t a l s a n d S t e e l s

  1. Ferrous metals consist of iron combined with carbon, silicon and other elements. But carbon is the most important element in ferrous alloys.

  2. Ferrous metals are used in industry in two forms: steel and cast iron, which differ in the quantity of carbon content.

  3. Alloys consist of a simple metal combined with some other element. Steel is a

ferrous material having some carbon content. There are two kinds of steel: carbon steel and alloy steels.

  1. Carbon steel should contain only iron and carbon without any other alloying element.

  2. Alloy steels are those in which in addition to carbon an alloying element is present. These alloying elements have an effect on the properties of steel. They increase its strength and hardness, for example, high percentage of chromium makes steel rust-resistant, and we call it “stainless steel”.

  3. Strength, ductility and machinability are the most important industrial and commercial properties of steel. Such properties as resistance to wear, electrical conductivity, magnetic properties are important in special uses of metals.

  4. According to their chemical and mechanical properties steels may be used in different branches of industry, for example, in machinebuilding, rocket engineering, automobile indusry, etc.

  1. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

  2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова и сгруппируйте их по частям речи:

Мetal, element, industry, steel, material, industrial, electronic, magnetic, type, chemical, mechanical, rocket, automobile.

  1. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык и сгруппируйте их по способу словообразования.

  2. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний.

1. ferrous metals a. проводимость

2. cast iron b. углеродистая сталь

3. carbon content c. износостойкость

4. alloy steel d. прочность

5.carbon steel e.обрабатываемость (на станке)

6. strength f. жесткость

7. hardness g. железо

8. ductility h. сплав

9. machinability i. черные металлы

10. resistance to wear j. чугун

11. conductivity k. содержание углерода

12. iron l. ковкость

13. silicon m. легированная сталь

14. alloy n. кремний

15. rust-resistant o. нержавеющий

  1. Выпишите из текста 10 словосочетаний и классифицируйте их.

  2. Руководствуясь справочным материалом, расшифруйте следующие сокращения:

ft, lb, s, gal, rad, A, g, kg, kcal, F, deg F, Btu, Chu, i, hr, CGS, BBC, w, yd, max, mph, log, lght.

  1. Руководствуясь справочным материалом, расшифруйте и классифицируйте сокращения. Выучите их наизусть.

H.p., ft per min, gal, i.e., in., in. per min, in. per rev, kw, lb, p.s.f., r.p.m.

  1. Выпишите из текста сокращения и классифицируйте их.

  2. Переведите на русский язык. Обратите внимание на модальность.

1. Can you tell me the right time? 2. Can you speak English? 3. You can take this picture if you like it. 4. He can hardly have meant that. 5. He was not able to get there in time. 6. I shall be able to come on Saturday. 7. May I ask a question? 8. May I trouble you to explain me this problem? 9. Maybe he will help you. 10. I put on my raincoat because I thought it might rain. 11. Smoking is not allowed here. 12. I am afraid the teacher will not allow me to rewrite the composition. 13. I must get up early every day. 14. He must be ill. 15. He must be somewhere here. 16. To make the air hot enough, the Diesel engine has to use higher pressure than the petrol engine.

  1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Обращайте внимание на модальный глагол.

1. Today you can be taken everywhere in any direction in a few days. 2. Air must be let into the cylinder of the engine because no fuel (топливо) will burn without air. 3. The air must be compressed. 4. The amplifier (усилитель) can be used with any high resistance galvanometer. 5. It must be cleaned. 6. This metal can be cut dry. 7. The floor must be cleaned and swept. 8. The hole must be deepened and widened.

11. Определите время и залог сказуемого, а затем переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Distance is usually measured in millimetres, centimetres, metres or kilometres. 2. Mass is measured in grams or kilograms and time is measured in seconds, minutes and hours. 3. The photoelectric effect was discovered by Heinrich Hertz in1887. 4. Galileo lived at a time when the human spirit was waking after a thousand years of sleep. 5. Men were filled with a new life, and they made splendid progress in the arts and science. 6. The element in the air which is most important to us is oxygen.

12. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. It is said that he is a good turner. 2. It seems that the town is old. 3. It seem that the car is new. 4. It is said that they are friends. 5. It is said that the first step is difficult. 6. It is said that this magazine contains many good photographs. 7. It seems these engineers examine the high-voltage line every week. 8. It is thought that the new trains arecomfortable. 9. It was thought that the new engineer had graduated from the University. 10. It is know that they left for Leningrad. 11. It was said that they liked their new work. 12. It is said that this scientist made a very interesting discovery. 13. It appears my watch is slow. 14. It seemed the man knew everybody in the town. 15. It is said that he spends his leave in the Crimea. 16. It is that he spent his leave in the Crimea. 17. This woman is said to have been in Africa. 18. He seemed to do his work well. 19. He appeared to be very busy. 20. The lecture appeared to be very interesting. 21. They seem to be ready for any task. 22. They seem to have promised to show the visitors the laboratory. 23. These words are thought to have appeared in our language about a century ago. 24. This machine is thought to have been tested by the new engineer. 25. You seem to know all the Russian proverbs. 26. Your kitchen seems to have been whitewashed not long ago. 27. This work seems to be difficult. 28. They appear to know the subject. 29. These magazines are known to be printed in this printing house. 30. These magazines are known to have been printed in this printing house.

13. Выпишите из текста все предложения в пассивном залоге. Переведите на русский язык. Определите грамматическое время.

14. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

  1. What elements do ferrous metals consist of?

  2. What is carbon steel?

  3. What are alloy steels?

  4. What are the most important properties of steel?

  5. In what branches of industry are steels used?

Ответы

    1. Steels in which in addition to carbon an alloying element is present.

    2. In machinebuilding, automobile industry, etc.

    3. Of iron combined with carbon, silicon and other elements.

    4. It contains only iron and carbon.

    5. Strength, ductility and machinability.

15. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания, переведите их на русский язык:

1. Alloys consist of ... . a. steel and cast iron;

b. iron and stainless;

c. simple metal and some other element.
2. Carbon steel contains ... . a. steel and cast iron;

b. iron, carbon, an alloying element;

3. Alloy steels include... . c. only iron and carbon.
4. The most important a. electrical conductivity, resistance to

properties of steel are... . wear, magnetic properties;

b. strength, ductility, machinability.

16. Расставьте по содержанию текста следующие предложения:

    1. Alloy steels are those in which in addition to carbon an alloying element is present.

    2. Alloys consist of a simple metal combined with some other elements.

    3. Strength, ductility and mach inability are the most important industrial and commercial properties of steel.

    4. Ferrous metals consist of iron combined with in, carbon, silicon and other elements.

    5. According to their chemical and mechanical properties steels may be used in different branches of industry.

    6. They increase it is strength and hardness.

    7. Carbon steel should contain only iron and carbon without any other alloying element.

17. Ответьте на следующие вопросы и используйте их как план при пересказе.

1. What is most important element in ferrous alloys?

2. What is an alloy?

3. What are carbon steels?

4. What are alloy steels?

5. What are the most important properties of steels?
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Образовательный портал Как узнать результаты егэ Стихи про летний лагерь 3агадки для детей

Образовательный портал Как узнать результаты егэ Стихи про летний лагерь 3агадки для детей